Cervarix HPV Vaccine Bivalent Recombinant Types 16 and 18 “The adjuvant system, AS04, is composed of 3-O-desacyl-4’-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) adsorbed on to aluminum (as hydroxide salt).
October 26, 2017 – Adjuvants and the vaccine response to the DS-Cav1-stabilized fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (full text) “The most common adjuvant, alum, comprised of aluminum salts, has been used in humans 'since 1'932, is approved for human use by the FDA, and is a component of numerous licensed vaccines such as Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (DTaP) vaccines, and hepatitis B vaccines. MPLA with Alum is used for the hepatitis B vaccine, Fendrix, and the human papillomavirus (HPV)vaccine, Cervarix, and has extensive human safety data in this context. Oil-in-water formulations such as MF59 are components of FLUAD (a new seasonal flu vaccine for the elderly) MPLA is also a component of Pollinex Quattro, a vaccine used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.”… All these groups will have been primed by natural infection, so the role of adjuvant is primarily to increase the magnitude of the response based on the established precursor T cell and B cell populations. For pregnant women, vaccination should avoid excessive Th1-biased responses for safety concerns related to the pregnancy. If adjuvants are needed to boost antibody responses to protective levels in adults, alum-based formulations 'may' have an acceptable safety and immunological profile for use in pregnancy. In the elderly or older children, the most potent, tolerable adjuvant should be chosen based on results from early phase clinical trials.”
September 18, 2017 – Effect of endotoxin and alum adjuvant vaccine on peanut allergy “OVA/alum vaccines were administered subcutaneously to provide alum exposure before gastric peanut sensitization to evaluate alum’s influence on allergen hypersensitivity. Although TH1-inducing adjuvants used prophylactically or coadministered with allergens reduce the development of allergen-specific hypersensitivity reactions in mice, widespread prophylaxis with TH1-inducing adjuvants to reduce the development of allergy in human subjects is not practical. However, it might be practical to modify current vaccine formulations to contain alum and TH1-biased adjuvants to induce a balanced TH1/TH2 response and reduce the development of allergic disease. Therefore we evaluated the TH1-inducing adjuvants MPL or CpG combined with alum for their ability to enhance OVA-specific TH1 responses and influence peanut allergy outcomes.”
June 26, 2013 – Naturally occurring Lipid A based adjuvants “Simultaneously, adj
October 2012 – Vaccines: Self-amplifying RNA in lipid nanoparticles: a next-generation vaccine? “Geall and colleagues present a new vaccine platform based on self-amplifying RNA encapsulated in synthetic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which overcomes some of the limitations of earlier nucleic-acid-based approaches.”
February 9, 2012 – Cell-mediated immune responses to a varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E vaccine using both a TLR agonist and QS21 in mice. “Lack of adequate cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been associated with higher risks of developing herpes zoster (HZ) and associated post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), and is of particular concern for older and immunocompromised individuals.”…”A formulation of gE with an Adjuvant System containing the immunostimulants QS21 and MPL (3-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A) was shown to be more immunogenic than gE with aluminium salt or unadjuvanted gE (gE/saline).”
November 12, 2011 – Differential effects of monophosphoryl lipid A and cytokine cocktail as maturation stimuli of immunogenic and tolerogenic dendritic cells for immunotherapy “Immunotherapy using monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) is increasingly being considered as alternative therapeutic approach in cancer, infectious diseases and also in autoimmunity when patients are not responsive to conventional treatments.”
September 2007 – The Vaccine Adjuvant Monophosphoryl Lipid A as a TRIF-Biased Agonist of TLR4
June 7, 2011 – Modulation of soluble and particulate antigen transport in afferent lymph by monophosphoryl lipid A
June 6, 2011 – The TLR4 Agonist Monophosphoryl Lipid A Augments Innate Host Resistance to Sys-5 temic Bacterial Infection (pdf)
January 1, 2009 – A Simple Mycobacterial Monomycolated Glycerol Lipid Has Potent Immunostimulatory Activity1 (full text)
February 9, 2005 – Adjuvant debuts in new hep B vaccine The European approval of a new high-potency vaccine for hepatitis B virus (HBV) marks the debut on the marketplace of a new adjuvant ingredient that can significantly improve the effectiveness of immunisations, reports Phil Taylor.
November-December 2001 – Standardisation of glutaraldehyde-modified tyrosine-adsorbed tree pollen vaccines containing the Th1-inducing adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL).
April 1986 – Early-Phase Endotoxin Tolerance: Induction by a Detoxified Lipid A Derivative, Monophosphoryl Lipid A (pdf) “The major obstacle which has limited the clinical application of endotoxin for its beneficial effects has been its toxic side effects. Chemical modification of the endotoxin molecule has resulted in a nontoxic, MPL which, because of its greatly reduced capacity to cause endotoxicity, holds great potential for clinical utilization.”