Vero Cells
Vero cells are a cell line which is widely used to make vaccines. The cell line was derived from kidney epithelial cells of the African Green Monkey. The cell line was established in 1962 by Japanese scientists. Vero cells are susceptible to a broad range of viruses so they are used to develop vaccines diseases associated with those viruses. One of the vaccines for which Vero cells have been used in recent years is the vaccine against influenza.
October 4, 2017 – Assessment of potential miRNA biomarkers of VERO-cell tumorigenicity in a new line (AGMK1-9T7) of African green monkey kidney cells “All 6 of these miRNAs have been associated with human tumors. Detection of the same miRNAs associated with the tumorigenic p40 AGMK1-9T7 cells and tumorigenic 10-87 VERO cells confirmed our proposal that these miRNA represent biomarkers for the tumor-forming ability of AGMK/VERO cells. The similarities of expression of miRNAs in different AGMK cell lines that were established 50 years apart suggest that the process of SPNDT in these non-human primate cells in tissue culture is based upon similar genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.”
September 18, 2014 - Stealth Adaptation of Viruses: Review and Updated Molecular Analysis on a Stealth Adapted African Green Monkey Simian Cytomegalovirus (SCMV) (pdf) "While stealth adapted viruses have presumably been in existence since the inception of the cellular immune system, the development of live vaccines has provided additional opportunities for their transmission to humans. Specifically, poliovirus vaccines produced in kidney cell cultures of rhesus and African green monkeys have allowed for the introduction of stealth adapted CMV from these species to humans. The infecting, vaccine-derived, stealth adapted viruses can subsequently spread among humans and along with other stealth adapted viruses, can explain the growing incidence of many illnesses, including CFS, autism and psychiatric disorders."
April 11, 2014 – Matrix and Backstage: Cellular Substrates for Viral Vaccines (full text) “To provide more robust vaccine research options, and because of some disadvantages associated with manufacture in primary cells, other cell substrates have been developed. Today, the spectrum of substrates used for production of licensed and investigational vaccines ranges from primary cells (sometimes still within the animal) to designed continuous cell lines. Properties of these substrates with focus on historical aspects pertaining to human vaccines will be summarized in this review.”
September 9, 2011 – Immortalized chick embryo cell line adapted to serum-free growth conditions and capable of replicating human and reassortant H5N1 influenza strains for vaccine production.
September 2011 – Persistence of Rabies Antibody 5 Years after Postexposure Prophylaxis with Vero Cell Antirabies Vaccine and Antibody Response to a Single Booster Dose
August 2011 – Serum-free microcarrier based production of replication deficient Influenza vaccine candidate virus lacking NS1 using Vero cells (full text)
July 2011 – Chemical Induction of Endogenous Retrovirus Particles from the Vero Cell Line of African Green Monkeys
April 26, 2011 – Vero cell-based influenza virus strains and vaccines (patent)
February 26, 2011 – Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a Vero-cell-culture-derived trivalent influenza vaccine: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
February 24, 2011 – Comparison of viral glycosylation using lectin blotting with Vero cell-derived and mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccines
August 31, 2010 – Takeda Announces New Initiative in Cell Culture-Based Influenza Vaccines
October 1, 2009 – A Cell Culture (Vero)–Derived H5N1 Whole-Virus Vaccine Induces Cross-Reactive Memory Responses(full text)
November 19, 2007 – ATCC Vero Cells Used To Manufacture Second Rotavirus Vaccine For Clinical Trials
April 10, 2007 – Use of Cell Lines for the Production of Influenza Virus Vaccines: An Appraisal of Technical, Manufacturing, and Regulatory Considerations (pdf) “Because the mechanism for immortalization of the cells is unknown for Vero and MDCK cells, the developer will have to make every effort to detect any unknown agent that could potentially be oncogenic, particularly residual DNA exceeding more than 200bp.”
November 1, 2009 – Growth and Maintenance of Vero Cell Lines (full text)
November 1, 2006 – Evaluation of different cell lines in the isolation by the shell vial culture of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 from respiratory samples “Only the Vero cell line enabled us to isolste all the IAp virus (100% sensitivity). In 14 (19.5) of the samples pIA was isolated in Vero and MDCK cell lines, and in 9 (12.5%) samples IAp was isolated only in Vero cell line. Compared with the Vero cell line, MDCK presented a sensitivity of 87.5% (63 positive samples) and LLC-MK2 of 68% (49 positive samples).”
July 2004 – Live cold-adapted influenza A vaccine produced in Vero cell line.
March 2002 – Presence of cytokines in biological preparations. “Among the vaccines examined in this study the highest level of IL-1beta was demonstrated in inactivated hepatitis A vaccine prepared in the green monkey kidney cell line 4647, that of IL-6 in inactivated rabies vaccine produced in Syrian hamster kidney (SHK) cell culture, and that of TNF-alpha in live poliomyelitis vaccine manufactured in VERO cells.”
May 8, 2000 – History and Characterization of the Vero Cell Line (pdf)